try:
        userinfo = gmail_service.get_userinfo(tokens["access_token"])
        gmail_email = userinfo.get("email", "").lower()
    except Exception as e:
        raise HTTPException(502, f"Could not fetch userinfo: {e}")

    if not gmail_email:
        raise HTTPException(502, "Google did not return an email address")

    # 5) persist account + encrypted tokens
    account = (await db.execute(select(GmailAccount)
                                .where(GmailAccount.user_id == user_id,
                                       GmailAccount.email == gmail_email))).scalar_one_or_none()
    from datetime import timedelta as _td
    expires_at = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + _td(seconds=int(tokens.get("expires_in", 3600)))
    if account:
        account.status = "authorized"
        account.sending_method = account.sending_method or "api"
        account.token_expiry = expires_at
        if account.oauth_token:
            account.oauth_token.access_token = tokens["access_token"]
            account.oauth_token.refresh_token = tokens.get("refresh_token") or account.oauth_token.refresh_token
            account.oauth_token.expires_at = expires_at
            account.oauth_token.granted_scopes = tokens.get("scope", "")
        else:
            account.oauth_token = OAuthToken(
                access_token=tokens["access_token"],
                refresh_token=tokens.get("refresh_token", ""),
                scope=tokens.get("scope", ""),
                expires_at=expires_at,
                granted_scopes=tokens.get("scope", ""),
            )
    else:
        account = GmailAccount(
            user_id=user_id, email=gmail_email, display_name=userinfo.get("name", ""),
            status="authorized", sending_method="api",
            google_user_id=userinfo.get("sub", ""), token_expiry=expires_at,
            oauth_config_id=cfg_row.id if cfg_row else None,
        )
        account.oauth_token = OAuthToken(
            access_token=tokens["access_token"],
            refresh_token=tokens.get("refresh_token", ""),
            scope=tokens.get("scope", ""),
            expires_at=expires_at,
            granted_scopes=tokens.get("scope", ""),
        )
        db.add(account)
    await db.commit()

    await log_audit(db, user_id, "gmail.authorized", "gmail_account", account.id,
                    {"email": gmail_email}, request.client.host)

    redirect = f"{settings.FRONTEND_BASE_URL}/gmail-accounts?connected={gmail_email}"
    return RedirectResponse(redirect, status_code=303)